侧卧位直接前方入路全髋关节置换的可行性和效果

目的探讨侧卧位直接前方入路(DAA)全髋关节置换术的可行性和临床效果。方法对307例患者(332髋)行侧卧位DAA全髋关节置换术,评估临床功能,观察影像学结果和并发症。结果单侧髋关节置换手术时间41~73(52.0±5.6)min,术中失血量60~210(94.0±37.4)ml。患者均随访1年。髋关节Harris评分术后1、3、12个月均较术前明显改善(F=237.2,P<0.001)。术后第2天,髋臼假体前倾角为7°~22°(14.4°±6.0°),外展角为26°~57°(43.8°±4.4°)。双下肢长度的差异由术前0~2.5 cm纠正为术后0~1.5 cm(Z=-14.71,P<0.001)。18髋发生股外侧皮神经损伤,3髋发生术中股骨近端骨折,2髋术后早期出现髋关节脱位,1髋髋臼杯未完全打入臼窝,该24例经对症治疗后均愈合、复位良好。术后1年未发生假体周围骨折,无菌性假体松动。结论侧卧位DAA全髋关节置换术安全可行,临床效果良好。     

Effects of box handle position and carrying range on bi-manual carrying capacity for females

This study utilizes a psychophysical approach to examine the effects on carrying capacity for bi-manual carrying tasks involving different handle positions and carrying ranges. A total of 16 female subjects participated in the experiment in groups of two people, and each group of subjects performed the tasks in a random order with 12 different combinations of carrying task. The independent variables are handle position (upper, middle, lower) and carrying range (F–F: floor height carried to floor height, F–W: floor height carried to waist height, W–W: waist height carried to waist height, W–F: waist height carried to floor height), the dependent variable is the maximum acceptable carried weight (MAWC), heart rate (HR), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The results show that the handle position has a significant effect on MAWC and overall RPE but no significant effect on HR. Carrying range has a significant effect on the MAWC and HR, but no significant effect on overall HR. The handle position and carrying range have a significant interaction on the MAWC and HR. The RPE for different body parts shows significant differences, and the hands feel the most tired. Overall, this study confirms that the lower handle position with the W–W carrying range is the best combination for a two-person carrying task.     

改良“三位一体”防护法预防脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中压力性损伤的效果

目的探讨改良“三位一体”防护法预防脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中压力性损伤(PI)的效果。方法选择行脊柱机器人椎间融合器植入植骨融合手术患者61例,随机分为观察组31例和对照组30例。观察组采用改良“三位一体”防护法,即联合使用石蜡油、经亲水助剂处理后的熔喷无纺布及硅凝胶垫;对照组采用常规方法,即联合使用液体敷料、泡沫敷料及硅凝胶垫。比较2组患者术后皮肤受压情况(包括皮肤压痕、红斑、水疱、破损等)。结果观察组头面部、左侧髋部、右侧髋部的PI发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组黏胶性皮肤损伤发生率为0,低于对照组的16.67%(5/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中应用改良“三位一体”防护法能显著降低PI、黏胶性皮肤损伤发生率。     

Problèmes posés par la verticalité de l’enfant paralysé cérébral et rééducation selon l’approche Bobath

During normal development a baby progressively learns to function against gravity eventually resulting in a postural control in an upright position. This was described by Doctor K. Bobath as the normal postural reflex mechanism. Due to the presence of diverse motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy this process is modified. Here we will explain the different disorders in relation to their classification and describe their treatment using the Bobath Approach.     

MRI螺旋桨技术在肩袖损伤中的应用

目的观察在高场磁共振螺旋桨(PROPELLER)技术下联合标准"Y"位在临床上对于肩袖损伤的应用效果。方法2018年12月-2019年5月,选择40例具有肩袖损伤相关症状的患者,均采用两种方法进行MRI检查,方法一,采用常规扫描序列:即FSE T2WI,斜冠状面FSE T2WI和斜矢状面FSE T2WI;方法二采用PROPELLER(螺旋桨)技术序列联合标准"Y"位扫描。评价两组患者的肩袖损伤分级程度和肩胛损伤脂肪浸润程度评分比较情况。结果两种方法在肩袖损伤Ⅱ级(χ^2=4.943,P=0.026)、Ⅲ级(χ^2=7.168,P=0.007)比较中,具有显著性差异。两种方法在脂肪浸润程度评分Ⅱ级(t=-4.673,P=0.041)、Ⅲ级(t=-4.442,P=0.046)比较中,也具有显著性差异(P<0.05)结论PROPELLER技术联合标准"Y"位在降低伪影,充分展示肩袖结构等方面更占有优势。     

Comparing a patient positioning system to an overhead LIFT with pillows for impact on turning effectiveness

BackgroundFrequent patient handling activities present numerous challenges to healthcare workers. A variety of products are available to assist with in-bed positioning but few comparative studies have been completed to ascertain turning effectiveness.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to compare two turning devices (air-powered positioning system with wedges versus ceiling lift with pillows) for in-bed repositioning and turning effectiveness. The study took place at a large community hospital in the Midwestern USA and used a prospective, four-group crossover study design to compare devices.ResultsThe two turning groups were not significantly different for any of the demographic variables. The use of an air-powered positioning system with wedges achieved a greater degree of turn and maintained that turn after an hour better than the lift device with pillows. There were no hospital acquired pressure injuries in either group.ConclusionThe devices used demonstrated significant differences in turn angle achieved and ability to maintain the turn at one hour. Future studies need to further delineate the ideal method for turning and compare devices to identify best practice and equipment. An effective turning method would integrate ease of use with the ability to achieve an optimal degree of turn in order to prevent hospital acquired pressure injuries while also decreasing caregiver injuries.     

高度近视合并白内障患者术后人工晶状体位移对屈光度的影响

目的　探讨高度近视合并白内障患者行超声乳化摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后人工晶状体位移对屈光度的影响。方法　收集2017年6月至2018年1月在我院行白内障超声乳化摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的高度近视合并白内障患者21例27眼，记录术后1 d、1周、1个月的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力及屈光度，使用IOL Master生物测量仪测量眼轴长度、晶状体厚度及角膜曲率，使用Tomey SS1000眼前节光学相干断层扫描（anterior segment optical coherence tomography，AS-OCT）测量有效晶状体位置，观察术后人工晶状体在囊袋内的位移，并分析其对术后屈光度的影响。结果　高度近视合并白内障患者术后1 d、1周、1个月屈光度分别为（-1.59±1.64）D、（-1.80±1.66）D、（-1.47±1.39）D，术后各时间点屈光度比较差异无统计学意义（F=0.295，P=0.746）。运用Spearman秩相关分析发现，术后屈光度变化与人工晶状体位移呈正相关（r=0.355，P=0.008），且术后1个月绝对屈光度误差与眼轴长度呈正相关（r=0.514，P=0.006），运用Pearson相关分析发现术后1个月绝对屈光度误差与术前角膜曲率及晶状体厚度均无相关性（均为P＞0.05）。结论　高度近视合并白内障患者术后人工晶状体位移是术后屈光度变化的主要影响因素。高度近视合并白内障手术患者眼轴越长术后绝对屈光误差越大。     

基于不同体位定位CT探讨不同勾画者勾画保乳术后部分乳腺外照射靶区差异

目的 比较基于不同体位定位CT下不同勾画者勾画保乳术后部分乳腺外照射(EB-PBI)靶区差异。方法 2016-2017年间27例保乳术后拟行EB-PBI的患者在自由呼吸状态下序贯完成俯卧位及仰卧位模拟定位3DCT扫描。5位勾画者分别在两种不同体位CT图像上基于术腔金属夹完成瘤床(TB) 靶区勾画和临床靶区(CTV) 的构建。比较两种体位不同勾画者间的靶体积、变异系数(COV)、匹配指数(MD)差异。结果 无论仰卧位还是俯卧位时,不同勾画者所勾画TB、CTV均不同(P<0.001、P=0.001、P<0.001、P=0.001)。俯卧位时不同勾画者CTV交集比仰卧位大5.79cm³(P=0.011)。仰卧位时5位勾画者的COVCTV显著大于俯卧位(P=0.014)。仰卧位时5位勾画者的MDTBTB及MDTBCTV均显著劣于俯卧位(P<0.001、P=0.001)。结论 与仰卧位相比,基于俯卧位构建EB-PBI靶区可显著减少不同勾画者间差异,提高勾画者间的一致性。因此,在自由呼吸状态下基于俯卧位施行EB-PBI更为合理。